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Hau Ly, 2022 PharmD Candidate
University of Arizona – College of Pharmacy
June 09, 2022
Delirium and dementia are both cognitive impairments that have similarities, such as impaired memory/judgment, agitation, delusions, and confusion. While both conditions could occur at the same time, they are not the same.
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Delirium is a sudden change in the mental state often seen as confusion, distractibility, and cognitive changes. There are a few types of delirium: Hyperactive, Hypoactive, and Mixed, while Hypoactive and Mixed at the most common.
There are a couple of risk factors that could increase the odds of delirium. These could include:
There are many potential causes of delirium. Most deliriums are due to some type of clinical condition, medications, or withdrawals. Some potential causes could include:
The primary goal of treating delirium is to address or remove the underlying cause. Finding the root cause will decide the treatment plan. The preferred treatment course is typically through non-medication means. Potential treatment plans for common causes of delirium include:
Medications could be used in situations of delirium to help control agitation. One group of medications typically used includes low doses of antipsychotic medications (i.e., Haldol or Seroquel).
If left unresolved, delirium could lead to complications such as:
Delirium and dementia are both cognitive impairments that might have similarities such as impaired memory/judgment, agitation, delusions, and confusion. While both conditions could occur at the same time, they are not the same! Each of these conditions has distinguishing characteristics that help differentiate them.
|
Delirium |
Dementia |
Onset |
Sudden and could fluctuate |
Progressive over months to years |
Speech |
Rambling |
Reduced |
Thought process |
Disorganized |
Reduced |
Attention |
Poor |
Normal |
Duration |
Reversible |
Irreversible |
Delirium is a rapid change in the mental state that is categorized by confusion and distractibility. There are two main types of delirium: Hyperactive and Hypoactive, but it could also be Mixed. These two have different symptoms and characteristics that an individual might portray. Delirium and dementia are often mistaken for one another due to similar symptoms but are two different mental states. The cause of delirium is important because it will help providers decide the right course of treatment.
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